Improving my Design

My first Tinkercad Design:

                                    

This design was made using a 3D designing platform called Tinkercad. 

For the main shape of the dill gauge, I used an octangular pyramid with an eight-sided diamond on top. On each face of the octangular pyramid, I put a hole with the measurement of the diameter underneath it. Similar to the drill gauge I made in class, this drill gauge has holes measuring at 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.8mm, 8mm, and 10mm. 

My New Tinkercad design:

                                    

The difference between this design and the previous design is that there is an upside down diamond on the top. This gives you a place to hold when carrying the gauge. Also, you could attach a string to the top of it to help you carry itaround.

Using an universal indicator

Aim: To see the change in colour when the Ph level of a solution is changed.

Equipment: Large beaker, Magnetic stirrer, Magnetic hot-plate, Sodium Hydroxide, Sulfuric acid, universal indicator, water.

Method:
1. Put the large beaker onto the magnetic hot-plate and then add water into the Large Beaker until it is around 3/5 full.
2. Put the magnetic stirrer into the beaker.
3. Turn on the Magnetic hot-plate.
4. Put the universal indicator into the beaker.
5. Put in Sulfuric acid. By doing this, the colour should change to red.


6. Get the sodium hydroxide and put in a tiny amount of it into the beaker. Then wait for the magnetic stirrer and hot-plate to do its thing and mix the solution. This should change the colour to an orangish colour.







7. Keep adding small amounts of sodium hydroxide and record the change in colour.
8. Do this until the solution turns blue.

Safety:
Acid stuff, so be careful.


Result:
  
  

Evaluation:
Everything in this experiment went well. All except the fact that the magnetic stirrer was too big, so it occasionally stopped working. And, I didn't start taking photos from the beginning of the experiment.
Besides those two things, everything was perfect.

Discussion


What occurred during this experiment when acid was added:

During this stage of the experiment, dissociation occurred. At the beginning of the experiment, the colour of the solution was red. This was because there was a large number of hydrogen ions (Hᐩ) in the solution. The hydrogen ions (Hᐩ) are present in the solution because when the acid (sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was added to the water, the sulfuric acid dissolved in the water. When this happens, the sulfuric acid molecules (H2So4) dissociates (Break apart) into two hydrogen ions (2Hᐩ) and 4 Sulfur ions (SO4²¯).

What occurred during this experiment when a base was added.
In this stage of the experiment, dissociation and neutralization occurred. The base that we used (sodium hydroxide) (NaOH) was able to dissolve in water because it was an alkali. Similar to When sulfuric acid was added, when Sodium Hydroxide gets added, it dissolves, and then the molecules of the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) dissociates into a sodium ion (Naᐩ) and a hydroxide ion (OH¯). because the already existing hydrogen ions (Hᐩ) have a positive charge. When the negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH¯) are added, they become electrostatically attracted to each other. Because of this, the hydroxide ions bind to the hydrogen ions producing water (H2O). This is called neutralization.

Burning magnesium metal

Aim: To find out if burning magnesium makes it heavier.

Hypotheses: I think it will get lighter because when you burn the magnesium, some of it will evaporate.

Equipment: A4 Paper, Scale, Bunsen Burner, gauze mat, magnesium metal, scissor tongs, beaker.

Method: 
1. Put the scale down on a secure flat area and weigh the strip of magnesium in a beaker together. write down the results.

2. Set up the Bunsen burner and ready the scissor tongs.

3. Light the bunsen burner.

4. Put the beaker next to the bunsen burner and light the magnesium metal.









5. Once the magnesium metal is lit, quickly put it in the beaker.
6. Once the magnesium metal burns out, measure the weight of the burnt magnesium inside of the beaker.
7.  compare the weight of the magnesium metal to the burnt ashes left by the magnesium (Magnesium oxide).


Result:


Conclusion:
What was supposed to happen was that the magnesium would react with the oxygen in the air to produce magnesium oxide. Because another molecule (Oxygen) was added, it should have gotten heavier. Sadly I wasn't able to weigh and record my results.

Evaluation:
My attempt at this experiment is a total failure. My first mistake was using paper to hold the Burnt up magnesium (Magnesium oxide). The ashes burnt right through the paper onto the desk making it impossible to get an accurate measurement of the Magnesium oxide (MgO). because of this, I had to
redo the experiment using a beaker instead of paper.  BUT SOMEHOW, the beaker broke. making it impossible to get an accurate measurement. So in the end, I wasted a lot of time and got no results.

Safety: Safety glasses are needed. chemicals, loose hair needs to be tied up.

Discussion

Ions:
Atoms have the same amount of positively charged protons as negatively charged electrons. Because of this, the two charges cancel each other out and the atom becomes neutral. Atoms are most stable when they have a full outer shell. In order for atoms to become stable, they gain or lose electrons depending on how many electrons the atom already has on its outer shell. when an atom gains electrons, it means that the atom will have more negatively charged electrons than protons. Because of this, the atom becomes negatively charged. and when it loses electrons, the atom will contain more positively charged protons than electrons, meaning it will become positively charged. For example, a sodium atom had an electron arrangement of 2,8,1. In order for sodium to become an ion, it has to lose 1 election or gain 7 elections. It is easier for it to lose 1 election than to gain 7 electrons so the sodium will lose an election. By doing this the sodium will have 1 more proton than electrons meaning it will gain a positive charge and the election arrangement changes to 2,8+.

Balancing equations:
The equation Mg + O₂ = MgO is currently an unbalanced equation. This is because there is only one Magnesium atom and there are two oxygen atoms. This means that one oxygen atom will be left over after the reaction. In order to change this unbalanced equation into a balanced equation. All you would need to do is add another magnesium atom into the equation. By doing this, it changes the equation from Mg + O₂ = MgO into 2Mg + O₂ =2MgO.

What occurred during this experiment:
Two Magnesium atoms (2Mg) reacted with Oxygen (O₂) to produce Magnesium oxide (2MgO).
The electron arrangement of Magnesium is 2,8,2 and oxygen has an electron arrangement of 2,6.

Magnesium wants to lose 2 electrons to become more stable, while oxygen wants to gain 2 electrons to become more stable. Magnesium wants to lose elections, leaving it with 2 extra protons (Positive charges) and becomes the ion Mg²ᐩ. Oxygen wants to gain 2 electrons, leaving it with 2 extra

elections (Negative charges) and becomes the ion O²¯. Because of the opposite charges the two ions have, they become electrostatically attracted to each other.

Tinkercad design

A design I made on Tinkercad:

This design was made using a 3D designing platform called Tinkercad. 

For the main shape of the dill gauge, I used an octangular pyramid with an eight-sided diamond on top. On each face of the octangular pyramid, I put a hole with the measurement of the diameter underneath it. Similar to the drill gauge I made in class, this drill gauge has holes measuring at 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.8mm, 8mm, and 10mm. 

Method:

1. Create an ordinary pyramid using the basic shapes menu on the right-hand side of your screen.

2. Click on the shape and then change the number of sides the shape has from 4 to 8.

    by doing this you have created an 8 sided pyramid called an octangular pyramid.

3. Create 8 cylinders using the same menu on the right-hand side of your screen.

4. Change the height of all of the cylinders to whatever the height of your octangular pyramid is.

5. On the first cylinder, change the width of the cylinder to 3 by 3.

6. On the second one, change it to 4 by 4.

7. The third one to 5 by 5, the fourth one to 5.5 by 5.5, the fifth one to 6 by 6, the sixth one to 6.8 by

     6.8, the seventh one to 8 by 8, the eighth one to 10 by 10.

8. Then highlight and select all of the cylinders and change them all into holes.

9. Once you have changed the cylinders to holes, put them on each face of the octangular

    pyramid.

10. Highlight and select everything you have done so far, then click Ctrl + G to group everything 

      together.

11. After following these steps, your design should look like this

(Insert image here)

12. Make a box and turn it into a hole.

13. Put it on top of your octangular pyramid. Make sure that you don't cover your holes with your 

      box.

14. highlight and select the box and your pyramid, then group them together.

15. This should create a flat area on top of your pyramid. It should look like this

       (Insert image here)

16. Grab a diamond shape and then flip it upside down.

17. Put it on top of the flat area and aline each face of the diamond to each face of your pyramid.

(Insert image here

18. Select the two shapes and then group them together.

(Insert image here)

19. Grab a text shape. Then change its shape from text to 3

20. Grab seven more and change the shapes each of them to match the measurements of the holes.

21. Change the size of the texts so that it can fit on the faces of your pyramid. Then put on on your pyramid.

22. Select all of your shapes and then group them together.

23.  FINISH.

Voyage out

Sebastian was born into a village of assassins. Because of this, he was trained in the art and became
an assassin trainee ever since he was born. Once a year, all trainees that are 13 years old are
gathered and must undergo a trial to become a full-fledged assassin. In this trial, one must kill 2
other trainee assassins in combat and present the village chief with their heads. Completing this trial
means that you are a full-fledged assassin. And by failing it, you will die. Even though Sebastian was
raised to be heartless, he did not want to kill without a cause. To avoid unnecessary bloodshed.
he grabbed some jewelry from his parent's room and left the village. Although he could easily
survive by himself with ease, he decided to change his lifestyle and start a new life in Britain.
Once he arrived, he was speechless. kids were starving, families begging for food, drinking
unclean water, and illnesses were running rampant.  It wasn't anything like his village.
He realized that this was happening because of overpopulation and not enough money to go around.
He knew that in order to not end up like them, he had to have a way to get money and as long as he
had money, he would be fine. Back in his old village. In order to survive, he had to be as intelligent
as he was strong and was taught the skills of communication and deception. With these skills
Sebastian found himself a rich man, that happened to be looking for a gift for his wife. He went over
to the man and began to sell him the jewelry. After talking for about 2 minutes Sebastian convinced
the man to buy the jewelry for more than double its worth. A merchant called Arnold observed
Sebastian’s conversation with the rich man and saw potential in him. Arnold walked over to
Sebastian and asked him he would like to work as his apprentice. In return, he would feed him,
pay him, and give him a place to say. With nowhere else to go. Sebastian agrees. 2 years went by
and Sebastian had learned everything Arnold could teach. Sadly, Arnold died of a really bad case
of pink eye. After his death. Sebastian continued to be a merchant and earned lots of money.
For Sebastian, Everyday became comfortable and luxurious. But be remembered that while he
was sipping on his wine. kids were still starving, families were still homeless, and illnesses
\were still taking lives every day.

This made him remember how terrible a place Britain was. With this realization, decided to leave
Britain the next morning. Morning came. Sebastian had all of his stuff packed when he grabbed a
flyer off the floor. The flyer said that in 17 days, boats were going to sail out to New Zealand.
A paradise country with land up for grabs and plenty of jobs available. He didn't care about the land
or the jobs. but he was interested in going to a new country. Since he was going to leave the country
anyways. He decided, why not go to New Zealand. Everything was settled and Sebastian bought a
first class ticket.

17 days went by quickly and the day had finally come. He was going to be able to finally leave Britain
and all of its misery. He stepped onto the ship and headed to his cabin and the long journey began.
He heard the journey to New Zealand could take up to 120 days. Luckily he had lots of money,
getting him a comfy voyage in a cabin and was given fresh meat and milk all throughout the voyage.
Sadly, other passengers traveling in the steerages were not so lucky. They had to share cramped
rooms with lots of other people. They were given salted preserved meat, ship’s biscuits,
oatmeal, and dried potatoes. The diet was coarse, caused constipation and offered poor
nutrition. Passengers were allowed 3.4 liters of fresh water a day. But the water deteriorated
and a become undrinkable within a couple of months. Because of this both cabin and steerage
passengers attempted to catch rainwater. Due to the lack of fresh water, the only way to wash
your clothes and yourself were to use salt water from the ocean. Also, the steerage
passengers often caught diseases due to poor nutrition and poor hygiene. 120 days went
by and New Zealand was in sight. But out of nowhere, an iceberg flew into the ship killing everyone.

boomberwang

The wooden booomberwang:


This boomerwang is not my design because I could not find mine.


During this project, we created a boomerwang. at first, we were given some designs that we could choose from. after seeing them, we made our own. the design that I chose looked similar to a hatchet.
This particular boomberwang design was used to hit kangaroos. During this project, I used the bandsaw, sandpaper, chisel, and that's all.

Drill gauge

What I was aiming for:  

I was aiming to make a drill gauge that was similar to this but with only made for 8 different sized drill bits. The measurements were 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.8mm, 8mm, and 10mm.

What I used to mark out and measure my work:

 
      Engineers Square                  Spring Divider                             Scribe
      By using this I could             This helped me find                I used this to mark out
       make sure that the                 and mark out the                   the lines on my metal
       edges on the metal                center of my work           after applying engineers blue
           were straight              

 
                  Ruler                             Micrometer                              Vernier 
      I used this to make sure      I used this to make sure       I used this to more accurately
      that my metal was the          that the drill bit I was        measure the length of my metal
              correct size                 using, was the right size.         and measure the drill bit.

Hammer and Center Punch:

I used the hammer and center punch to

center punch holes on the areas where I was going to drill. I did this to give the point of the drill a place to lock onto. This prevented my metal from sliding out and end up drilling the wrong place.

Engineers blue:
After cleaning up my piece of metal, I put this over it to make it easier to mark out my lines.

Machines that I used:

   Buffing Machine:                   Drill Press:         I used this to polish               I used this to Drill     my work and make it           the different sized                  Shiny.                        holes on my work.

What tools I learned to use during this project:

About a Vernier:
Verniers are tools used to accurately measure the diameter and sometimes the depth of material. They have main jaws used to measure the external diameter, smaller jaws that are used to measure the internal diameter, and sometimes has a depth rod to measure the depth/length of your material. The method of using the jaws for measuring diameter is simple. All you have to do is put an object in between the jaws and then tighten until both jaws are on the object. Then, you just read the measurement on the scale and you're done. You now have the measurement of the diameter.

About a Micrometer:
The micrometer is used to measure the internal diameter of an object. A measurement is obtained

by measuring the space between the anvil and the spindle. Twisting the thimble moves the spindle
towards the anvil or away from it. The rachet does the same thing, except it is used for more precise
movement. To take a measurement an object is placed in between the anvil and the spindle. Once
the object is placed, turn the thimble until both the anvil and the spindle makes contact with the
object. Then turn the rachet for fine-tuning. After that, all you have to do is read the measurement of
the sleeve.