more treaty of Waitangi stuff

Article one:
On the Maori version the Chiefs gave up governorship over New Zealand to the British. On the English version, The chiefs gave up sovereignty, meaning that they gave up all of New Zealand over to the British.

Article two:
On the English version, Maori had their possession over their land, estate, forests, fisheries, and some other stuff. On the English version, basically everything was handed over and the Maori could only sell their lands to the British and no one else.

Article three:\
On the english version, The Maori were granted the same rights as British people. On the Maori version, the Maori were offered protection from the Crown, as well and the same rights as British people.

Treaty of Waitangi stuffs

In 1830 there were 100000 Māori and 100 Europeans living in New Zealand. In 1840, the treaty was signed. There were many reasons for this, but the four main reasons are the lawless behaviour of the Whalers on Kororareka, the desire of the Missionaries’ to help protect Maori rights, the Musket Wars that were occurring all over the country, as well as the existence of the Declaration of Independence.

One reason that a treaty was needed was the lawless behaviour of some British Settlers such as Whalers. This is important because the lawless behaviour gave places like Kororareka (The biggest New Zealand port at the time) a bad reputation. Kororareka even became known as the hell hole of the Pacific. At the time, the British did not have the authority to enforce their laws and bring their police force to New Zealand. So when around 300 Sailors, from up to 12 ships came ashore, no laws were binding the Sailors. Once the Sailors came ashore, their activities were basically nothing but drinking, fighting, and sex with prostitutes. This might not sound like it was a big deal, but all of this was done at an extreme level, to a point where people were actually dying. This lawless behaviour concerned both the Maori chiefs as well as the Missionaries and led them to sign the Treaty of Waitangi.

Another reason for the creation of the treaty was the Missionaries intentions to protect Maori rights. During that time, the Europeans were buying land everywhere they could. This worried the Missionaries because the land owned by Maori were getting smaller and smaller. The Missionaries did all they could to help the Maori chiefs that were constantly getting pushed into selling their land, they bought patches of land for them. They did this because it would mean that the Maori could live in peace, without the threat of the Crown buying their land, as well as gain the trust of the Maori. Then came the Treaty of Waitangi. The idea of the treaty was that the land occupied by Maori tribes would be left undisturbed. The Missionaries thought the treaty would help the situation, so they supported it. And because they had gained the trust of the Chiefs, they convinced them to do so as well.

Ever since the introduction of the musket at the beginning of the 19th century, wars fought by Maori completely changed. Because the wars were fought with such powerful weapons, the death count was around 20000 Maori. Traditional weapons such as Taiaha became useless at the face of muskets, and tribes without muskets needed to do whatever they could to obtain them. The amount of power a tribe had largely depended on the number of muskets they owned. The trading requirements for muskets varied depending on the year, however, it could cost the Maori up to 200 full baskets full of potatoes for a single musket. The cost was extremely high but tribes had no choice but to trade. To trade for more muskets, Maori replaced much of their usual crops with potatoes. Changing their way of life. In the 1830s all the tribes had muskets, and a balance in power occurred between the tribes. But up until that point, tribal boundaries were constantly shifting and many Maori died. The constant musket wars between the Maori made it apparent that laws were mandatory. And to enforce those laws, they needed more authority. The need for laws and authority were contributing factors to the signing of the treaty.

The final reason that a treaty was needed was the existence of the Declaration of Independence. In 1835 the Declaration of Independence was created. The declaration gave all the power to the Maori in exchange for the exclusive trading rights with the British. If any changes were to be made, it would have to go through the Maori first. This was great for Maori and Europeans, but because the Maori had all the power, it meant that the British couldn’t do whatever they wanted. To gain back the power over New Zealand, the Europeans suggests the treaty.

In the end, the four main reasons for the signing of the treaty were the need for police to control the lawless behaviour of the Whalers around Kororareka, The strong desire that the Missionaries had to help the Maori, The need for laws to stop the death and enslavement of Maori, caused by the Musket War, and the existence of the Declaration of Independence. I personally feel that New Zealand didn’t need the treaty. If they needed laws and a police force, the Maori could have set one up. Although the Maori were losing large amounts of land, it was nothing compared to the amount of land they lost after the treaty, and just like any other war, the Musket Wars would have stopped eventually. So in the end, the treaty wasn’t even needed. Everything would have sorted itself out eventually.

Pulleys

How do pulleys work?
To understand how pulleys work, we must first understand the equation 'Work equals distance multiplied by force'. When it comes to pulleys, the work is the amount of energy required to move the object, the distance is how far the object is moved, and the force would be the mass of the object multiplied by the Earth's gravity. Work will always equal the product of distance and force. That means, if the distance is increased, the force will have to decrease to compensate. When using pulleys, the weight of the object is supported by multiple ropes. This means that all the ropes supporting the object will have to be moved further but the force that is supported by the ropes will decrease.

Some other stuff:
Force = mass x acceleration
The mass of the object is measured in kg and the acceleration is 10ms⁻²  due to gravity. The force is measured in Newtons.
Work = Force x distance
The force is measured using the equation above and the distance is how far the object is moved. It is usually measured in meters. Work is measured in Joules.
The mechanical advantage of using pulleys
The amount of force will be divided between all the ropes that are connected to the object.
The amount of force on one rope will be equivalent to the other rope.

In this photo, the force required to lift the object is 100N (Newtons).

If you were to move the object up 4 meters, it would take 400 Joules of energy.
Both point A and B are being pulled by 100N of force.

Normally, It would require 100N of force to lift this object, but because it is supported by 2 ropes, the force is divided. And because point B has 50N on it, point A would also have to have 50N to balance it out. 

The amount of work required to lift the object up 4 meters is still 400 joules of energy. You might ask why that is since it only takes 50N of force. Well, this is because, in order to move the object up by 4 meters, the length of both rope B and C must decrease. In order for that to happen, Point A must be pulled twice as far.
Thus resulting in the same amount of work. The main point of using a pulley in not to decrease the work, but to make it easier. This is done simply by decreasing the force required to move the object, as well as increasing the distance in which you have to pull on the rope.

Seismic waves

Seismic waves
Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth as a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, as well as man-made explosions. There are many types of seismic waves, each moving in different waves. The two main types of Seismic waves are called body waves and surface waves.


Body waves:
Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth, they have a higher frequency than Surface waves, and they arrive before the Surface waves are emitted by the earthquake. There are two types of Body waves: The Primary wave, and the Secondary wave. Each of them shakes the ground in different ways.


Primary waves
The Primary Wave, or the P wave, is the fastest kind of Seismic wave and can travel from 5km to 8km per second, depending on the density of the medium. As a result, they are the first to be felt. P waves, unlike S waves, are able to travel through both solid and liquid layers of the Earth. Much like how Sound waves, P waves travel by compressing and dilating (Pushing and Pulling) the medium. The pushing and pulling produces a back and forward motion towards the direction of wave propagation, which is the direction that the energy is travelling in. Because of the pushing and pulling it does, the P Wave is also called the Compressional Wave.

Image from http://allshookup.org/quakes/wavetype.htm


Secondary Waves
The Secondary Wave, or S Wave, is the second wave you feel during an earthquake. It is slower than the P Wave and, unlike the P Wave, it can not travel through liquid mediums and can only travel through solid ones. Seismologists were able to conclude that the Earth's outer core is a liquid. They were able to do this because P Waves could be felt of the opposite side of the earth but S Waves could not. S waves move the rock particles up and down, or side to side, perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.

Image from https://www.thinglink.com/scene/581579679287214082


Surface waves:
As the name suggests, Surface waves travel only through the crust. They are of a lower frequency than body waves and arrive after the Body waves. Although they arrive after the Body waves, almost the entirety of the damage caused by an earthquake is the result of Surface waves. There are two types of Surface waves: the love wave, and the Rayleigh wave.

Love wave
In 1911, a British mathematician named A.E.H. Love worked out the mathematical model for this kind of Surface wave. As a result, this wave was given the name 'Love wave'. The S wave moves the ground either up and down, or side to side. The Love wave is basically the same but it only moves it from side to side, not up and down. The Love wave is also the fastest kind of surface wave. They generally travel from 2 to 6 kilometers per second.



Rayleigh wave
The Rayleigh wave is the other kind of Surface wave. It was named for John Willian Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who, in 1885, mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave. Rayleigh waves are also known as ground roll because it rolls. Similar to ripples and waves on the ocean surface, Rayleigh waves spread through the ground as ripples, moving both vertically and horizontally. Most of the shaking during an earthquake is because of the Rayleigh wave.

Treaty of Canandaigua

Trust me, this page has work on it.















I have researched the treaty of Canandaigua. This is related to the topic of Waitangi because they are both treaties to stop the violence.

Line graph of thing

Questions:

1. What does this graph show us?
The graph shows how the Maori population consistently drops while the European population increases.

2. Why do you think the numbers of Maori change?
When guns began to be traded, musket wars between Maori tribes began.

3. Why do you think the numbers of Europeans changed?

The treaty of Waitangi.